Section		Patellares (Boissier) Nakai
Scientific Name	Type species	Viola mandshurica W. Becker : {Sumire} Published in: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54:179. (1917)
	Variety	Viola mandshurica var. ikedaeana (W. Becker) F.Maek. : {Hokoba Sumire} Viola mandshurica var. triangularis (Fr. et Sav.) Mizushima : {Atuba Sumire} Viola mandshurica var. triangularis f. niijimensis (Nakai) F.Maek. et T.Hashim. : {Niijima Sumire} Viola mandshurica var. triangularis f. pubigera Hiyama ex F.Maek. : {Ke-atuba Sumire}
	Form	Viola mandshurica f. albo-variegata Hort. ex F.Maek. : {Nishiki Sumire} Viola mandshurica f. crassa (Tatew.) F.Maek.> : {Anama Sumire} Viola mandshurica f. dispar Honda : {Nokogiri Sumire} Viola mandshurica f. hasegawae Hiyama, 1956 : {Sirokane Sumire} Viola mandshurica f. horomuiensis Sugim., 1965, nom. nud. : {Horomui Sumire} Viola mandshurica f. macrantha (Maxim.) Nakai ex Kitag. : {Obana Sumire} Viola mandshurica f. plena Hort. ex F.Maek. : {Komoro Sumire} Viola mandshurica f. glabripetalla Hiyama : {Wakasyu Sumire}
	Synonym
	Origin	Viola mandshurica : Manchurian (Northeastern region of China), ikedaeana : person's name (S. Ikeda), triangularis : triangular, crassa : thick, fleshy
Common names		【Chinese】东北堇菜、紫花地丁, 【Korean】제비꽃
Stalk Form		The individual leaves and flowering stalks emerge directly from the rootstock.
Habitat		Sunny, sandy or rocky places in seashore.
Distribution	Japan domestic	Japan sea side and Hokkaido in Japan.
	Japan overseas
	Others
Flower	Shape	Middle size (1/2 to 3/4 inch across)
	Color	Blue-purple.
	Spur
	Season
	Stigma
	Aromatic
	Others	A petal is often oblong.
Leaf	Shape	Blade oblong-lanceolate, petiole 30-60mm long.
	Color	Upper surface is deep green, back side is light Green. Both surfaces are bladeglabrous or nearly glabrous.
	Others	The leaf blade tends to roll it internally.
Seed	Shape
	Color
	Others
Characteristics of roots
Endangered Information
Type Specimen		Rebun island in Hokkaido
Chromosome Number		2n=48
Reference Information
Others