| Section | Chamaemelanium Gingins | |
|---|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Type species | Viola orientalis (Maxim.) W. Becker : {Ki Sumire} Published in: B. A. Fedchenko, Fl. Asiat. Ross. 8:95. (1915) |
| Variety | ||
| Form |
Viola orientalis f. pallida Hatusima, f. nov. : {Usugi Ki Sumire}
Viola orientalis f. laciniata (Taken.) F.Maek. : {Nokogiriba Ki Sumire}
Viola orientalis f. plena Hatusima, f. nov. : {Yae Ki Sumire}
|
|
| Synonym |
≡ Viola uniflora L. var. orientalis Maxim., 1915
Viola conferta (W. Becker) Nakai
Viola orientalis var. conferta W. Becker
Viola xanthopetala Nakai B. M. T. 36: 29 (1922)
|
|
| Origin | orientalis : originating in a name of area. | |
| Common names | 【China】东方堇菜、【Korean】노랑제비꽃、【English】Golden violet | |
| Stalk Form | A flower scape is extended from a stalk, and a flower blooms from each scape. | |
| Habitat | Growing in the mountainous district that is covered with pampas grasses in summer, or the light and dried grassland. | |
| Distribution | Japan domestic | Mt. Fuji outskirts, Hiroshima, Shikoku, Kyushu. It is dotted around a volcanic zone. |
| Japan overseas | China, Korea, Taiwan and Russia. | |
| Others | ||
| Flower | Shape | Middle size. The petals are round, the lip valve is smaller than the others. The side valve base is hairy (yellow protrusive hair). |
| Color | Deep yellow. The back side of the petal is tinged with dark red. | |
| Spur | Very short. | |
| Season | Ordinary period. | |
| Stigma | White (or transparent) hair. It is hard to see. | |
| Aromatic | ||
| Others | A double flower has been found in Kuju town (Oita). The calyx attachment is relatively large. | |
| Leaf | Shape | Leaves are thick. 1.5 - 4cm long, 1 - 3cm wide. Pointed triangle, base is heart shape. Stem leaves are slightly elongated, and put 3 leaves on top. |
| Color | Dark green. It is glossy to the leaf surface, and the back is tinged with purple. | |
| Others | There are fine hair on both sides. Both ends of the base may be wrapped on the front side during the flower season. | |
| Seed | Shape | Oval egg-shaped. Medium and large grains. |
| Color | Seeds: glossy light brown. | |
| Others | Fruits are hairless. | |
| Characteristics of roots | The roots are white and thick and long. Little thinner near the stem contact, spreading horizontally. | |
| Endangered Information | Yamanasi：ThreatenedⅠ, Shizuoka：ThreatenedⅡ, Aichi：ThreatenedⅠ, Hiroshima：ThreatenedⅠ, Ehime：ThreatenedⅠ, Kochi：ThreatenedⅠ, Oita：Near Threatened, Kumamoto：Near Threatened, Kagoshima：ThreatenedⅠ | |
| Type Specimen | ||
| Chromosome Number | 2n=12 | |
| Reference Information | ||
| Others | A ground part disappears and goes into an dormancy state in summer. The stem gets reddish. Rhizome is extremely short. | |
Chiba / April 8, 2001 
