Section		Patellares (Boissier) Nakai
Scientific Name	Type species	Viola patrinii Viola patrinii DC. ex Ging. Published in: Prodr. 1:293 (1824)
	Variety	Viola patrinii var. angustifolia Regel. : {Hosoba Siro Sumire}Published in: Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 34(II): 476 (1862)
	Form	Viola patrinii f. toyokoroensis Koji Ito : {Toyokoro Sumire}Published in: J. Jap. Bot.,71: 301 (1996)
	Synonym	Viola patrinii f. hispida W.Becker Viola primulifolia var. glabra Nakai
	Origin	patrinii : Originated from a person's name: E. L. M. Patrin, 1742-1814 French plant collector.
Common names		【Chinese】 白花地丁、白花堇菜
Stalk Form		The individual leaves and flowering stalks emerge directly from the rootstock.
Habitat		It grows wild in the damp prairie. In Chubu District, it is limited to a plateau with an altitude of 1,000m or more.
Distribution	Japan domestic	The Pacific Ocean side in Hokkaido, Iwate, Chubu District. V. patrinii var. angustifolia grows wild in Shikoku, Kyushu, and the Chugoku district.
	Japan overseas	East Asia, North Asia, Siberia, Russia.
	Others	It is sometimes described as a continental relic plant, a Manseon element.
Flower	Shape	Middle size. The whole impression is similar to Viola betonicifolia var. albescens. The center part resembles Viola yezoensis. Hair of the side valve is conspicuous.
	Color	"Siro" means white in Japanese. A white petal. A purple article is in a side dialect and the labial palp.
	Spur	It is short and white (ittle green). Just like Viola acuminata, it has a stripe stuck together from the left and right.
	Season	Late blooming (May - June).
	Stigma	Inverse triangle shape. It resembles the shape of a mantis head.
	Aromatic
	Others	Calyx is lanceolate, blunt head. The upper valve tends to gently warp. In rare cases, the side valve has no hair.
Leaf	Shape	A long, round lancet arch. Long and round lanceolate shape, blunt head. The base is shallow heart shape or truncated. Serration is extremely low. Leaf blade is shorter than petiole. It tends to stand upright. It has petiole wing just like Viola mandshurica.
	Color	Generally both sides are green.
	Others	Rarely there are white fur on the veins. As of Viola betonicifolia var. albescens, leaves are shaped like a halberd.
Seed	Shape
	Color
	Others
Characteristics of roots		Brown.
Endangered Information		Viola patrinii： Yamagata：ThreatenedⅠ, Fukushima：Near Threatened(NT), Tokyo：ThreatenedⅠ, Aichi：ThreatenedⅠ, Gifu：ThreatenedⅠ Viola patrinii var. angustifolia： Hyougo：ThreatenedⅡ, Wakayama：ThreatenedⅠ, Hiroshima：ThreatenedⅠ, Yamaguchi：ThreatenedⅡ, Tokushima：ThreatenedⅠ, Kochi：ThreatenedⅠ, Aichi：Near Threatened(NT), Fukuoka：ThreatenedⅠ, Oita：Near Threatened(NT), Saga：Extinct(EX)
Type Specimen		Viola patrinii：Siberia., f. toyokoroensis: Lake Tyoubusi
Chromosome Number		2n=24 (Nishikawa, T., 1986, Journal of Hokkaido University of Education : Section IIB)
Reference Information
Others		Leucism : Toyokoro Sumire (Originated from a area name in Hokkaido). Hairless : Viola patrinii f. glabra (Nakai) F.Maek. (Non-Certified), Frosted hair : Viola patrinii f. prunellifolia Maxim. (Non-Certified)