Section		Trigonocarpae Gordon
Scientific Name	Type species	Viola grypoceras A. Gray : {Tatitubo Sumire} Published in: M. C. Perry, Narr. exped. China Seas Japan 2:308. (1857)
	Variety	Viola grypoceras var. ripensis N.Yamada et M.Okamoto : {Keiryu Tatitubo Sumire} Published in: Bull. Osaka Mus. Nat. Hist. no. 50: 2 (1996)
	Form
	Synonym
	Origin	grypoceras : curving corner, curved angle, ripensis : riverbank
Common names		【Chinese】紫花堇菜 (zi hua jin cai), 【Korean】낚시제비꽃
Stalk Form		A flower scape is extended from a stalk, and a flower blooms from each scape.（rheophyte）
Habitat		They grow in places where they hide in the water when the water rises, such as rock crevices along mountain streams.
Distribution	Japan domestic	Kanto, tyubu, Shikoku and Chugoku district. It is found out even in the Tohoku district.
	Japan overseas
	Others
Flower	Shape	Middle wheel. The petals are thinner than the standard. The base of the side valve is hairless.
	Color	Pale purple. The central part falls off white.
	Spur	White. The tip may be bent.
	Season	Relatively early.
	Stigma	Cylindrical.
	Aromatic
	Others
Leaf	Shape	Small size (around 2 cm). Triangular or heart-shaped. Base is cut or shallow heart shaped. The tip is slightly pointed.
	Color	The surface is shiny green.
	Others	hairless. After flowers, stems leaves will be long triangles, bases will be bowl shape, and some have rhombuses overall. The leaves are comb-like teeth.
Seed	Shape
	Color
	Others	Germination rate is high, and the number of days for germination is extremely short.
Characteristics of roots		It has many fine roots.
Endangered Information		Ishikawa：ThreatenedⅡ, Okayama：ThreatenedⅡ
Type Specimen		Kisogawa water system in Nagano. Nagiso in Kiso-gun.
Chromosome Number		Please refer to mother class.
Reference Information
Others		The plant height is as small as 5 to 10 cm.