| Section | Patellares (Boissier) Nakai | |
|---|---|---|
| Scientific Name | Type species | Viola violacea Makino : {Shihai Sumire} Published in: Ill. Fl. Jap. 1: t. 67. (1891) |
| Form |
Viola violacea f. pictifolia Honda : {Konpira Sumire} Published in: J. Jap. Bot. 24: 30 (1949)
Viola violacea f. albida (Nakai) F.Maek. : {irobana Shihai Sumire} Published in: Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 222 (1954) Viola violacea f. versicolor E.Hama : {Fuiri Shihai Sumire} Published in: J. Jap. Bot., 51(11): 341. (1976)
Viola violacea f. concolor Nakash. : {Midori Shihai Sumire} Published in: J. Nat. Hist. Soc. Fukuoka 2: 164 (1938)
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| Variety |
Viola violacea var. makinoi (Boiss.) Hiyama ex F.Maek. : {Makino Sumire} Published in: Enum. Spermatophytarum Japon. 3: 222 (1954) Viola violacea var. makinoi f. variegata E.Hama : {Fuiri Makino Sumire} Published in: Wild Violets Jap. Col.: 213, t. 88; 13-15 (1975) Viola violacea var. tanakaeana (Makino) T.Hashim. ex E.Hama & K.Nakaj. : {Sinano Sumire} Published in: J. Jap. Bot. 51: 342 (1976) Viola violacea var. tanakaeana f. okuharae E.Hama : {Fuiri Sinano Sumire}
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| Synonym |
Viola makinoi H.Boissieu Published in: Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 47: 320. (1900)
Viola obtusosagitta Koidz. Published in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 39:29. (1925)
Viola sacraricola Nakai Published in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 42:561. (1928)
Viola tanakaeana Makino Published in: Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 17:86. (1903)
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| Origin | violacea : Purple-re | |
| Common names | 【Chinese】紫背堇菜, 【Korean】자주잎제비꽃 | |
| Stalk Form | The individual leaves and flowering stalks emerge directly from the rootstock. | |
| Habitat | Sunny and dry wood. | |
| Distribution | Japan domestic | It is distributed over Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu. Although it is rare at the East Japan, there are many individuals on the western part of Japan. |
| Japan overseas | ||
| Others | ||
| Flower | Shape | Middle size. |
| Color | From light purple to purplish red. It is often that a flower stalk is red. | |
| Spur | It has a long cylindrical shape, and the tip is often bent upward. The color is white to purple. | |
| Season | Normal. | |
| Stigma | Inverted triangle. | |
| Aromatic | Fragrance. | |
| Others | The calyx is lanceolate. | |
| Leaf | Shape | A leaf is a little thick and triangle-shaped narrow egg type (long ovoid, a lancet arch). The base of a leaf is cardiac. |
| Color | Generally the surface is green, and the back side is purple-red. White spots are seen rarely. | |
| Others | Hairless. | |
| Seed | Shape | |
| Color | ||
| Others | An oblate shape close to a sphere. | |
| Characteristics of roots | ||
| Endangered Information |
Type species：Miyagi：ThreatenedⅡ, Yamagata：ThreatenedⅡ, Niigata：Local populations, Gunma：ThreatenedⅠ, Tokyo：Near Threatened, Kagoshima：ThreatenedⅡ var. tanakaeana：Ngano：ThreatenedⅠ |
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| Type Specimen | Echigo, Izu, Omi, Daiwa, Kii, Awa, Tosa. | |
| Chromosome Number | 2n=24 | |
| Reference Information | ||
| Others | The distribution of the variety is different from Viola violacea. | |
